- The jacket that polishes off the outfit, and causes the most headache.
Some Clarification
For the purpose of simplicity, we will define a soft-shell as wind resistant. It creates the wall of the micro-environment when water is not present. Varying layers of insulation for different seasons and pursuits, this is quickly becoming the layer with the most variety on the market. The membrane of a hard-shell typically has a weave of 1:1, whereas a generic soft-shell normally has a 2:1 weave. A soft-shell is heavier than a wind layer, but not as waterproof as a hard shell. Winter hard-shells will have a water resistant coating, but are in no way waterproof. A summer shell will have no insulation but will be windproof and have some insulation. We will get through this one topic at a time.
The Winter Soft-shell
A winter soft-shell is characterized by a heavy fleece and a thick, burly fabric. Designed to shed snow, breath, and provide some warmth, but also being slim enough to fit beneath the hard-shell of choice. One will trade warmth for breathability depending on the density of the fleece. Normally the cuffs will be long so they sit over a pair of light weight gloves. Depending on how burly the outer layer is depends on how water resistant the garment will be. This jacket is best suited for mildly cold winter days where high aerobic activities take place. Look for a garment that appears to be too thin and that will probably be perfect. It should function as a mid-layer and an outer shell on the days where the skies are gray but you still went out to play.
The Summer Soft-shell
A soft-shell for the summer is designed to keep the wearer dry and keep the wind out. For the days when it doesn't feel like summer and will be windy. Having a layer that is light weight, provides a little warmth, and keeps the wind out would be worth its weight in gold. Coats like this aren't water resistant. Don't buy a shell like this and expect it to shed water. This is a very light mid layer. Very light as in you won't feel like you aren't wearing a coat, light. It's sole purpose is to keep the wind out. While it can be used as a layer during the winter, its not heavy enough to provide much warmth.
The Spectrum
Those highlighted have been close to the two extremes of the soft-shell universe. There are jackets between those two examples and further in each direction. Like anything else in the gear world, it's all about what works best for you. Be careful when you go hunting for a soft-shell as there are many shells out there that claim to be super duty soft-shells, expedition soft-shells. Shells like this will look and feel like a hard shell, with many of the same bells and whistles, stay away from those. If you picture yourself in environments like this, get a
hard-shell. One can not afford to spend $200 plus on a soft-shell to find out it doesn't work. My recommendation is that if it costs more then $180, its not what you want. Think of the soft-shell as a bulky mid-layer that can be used on days where the moisture won't be a big issue.
Oddities
Every family has them. When you look at a soft-shell and can't figure out what it is, that's an oddity.
Mountain Hardwear's
AirShield fleece jacket for example. Pit zips like a hard-shell, soft-shell fabric where the weather can get to it and fleece everywhere else. The great equalizer is the
'Wind Stopper'. A Gore product that is wind proof but is not water proof. This is just one of the handful of examples that don't really have a category so they were lumped into the 'soft-shell' group. This can be a very cool coat to have but doesn't have a solid foothold in the average collection of equipment simply because they are so specialized that they tend to be just 'okay' in the normal use and abuse they take while in the mountains.
It's Not the Same
Why not just get a fleece, I hear you ask. A fleece is inexpensive, light weight, and does well when it is wet. Don't be fooled, fleece is not wind proof. It feels like it, but it's not. It does cut the wind substantially, but if you wore just a fleece with no base layer you will feel the wind. The other thing to consider is that a soft-shell will be water resistant. Fleece will be okay when it is wet, true, but life is miserable when you are soaked. Most soft-shells also come with a hood, which can be just the extra warmth that you need to take the level from bearable to perfect. You could look at a medium to heavy soft-shell as a fleece on steroids: normally with a hood, a drawstring, and adjustable cuffs. If you are looking for a good fall layer, then a soft-shell is a great option.
Final Thoughts
If you are serious about being outside you will probably end up owning 3 or more soft-shells, some are strong in one seasons, and weak in another, that is okay. Where one could get into hot water is when you buy a soft-shell without doing the research and now you have a shell that does the same thing as an existing piece. As you peruse through the many options that you have before you be sure to ask until you understand what it is you are looking at. Also keep in mind that the jacket should work with the rest of your gear that you have, harnesses and pack straps to give a view examples.